GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
CIVIL AVIATION DEPARTMENT SECTION 2 - AIRWORTHINESS
SERIES F PART XVIII
ISSUE I,DATED 23RD OCTOBER ' 1992
FILE NO. 11-690/92-AI(2) EFFECTIVE : FORTHWITH
Subject: Construction, Certification and Operation of
Experimental/Amateur Built Aircraft.
1. Applicability
Aircraft Rule 15 and 50 empowers the DGCA to issue,renew or
revalidate, Permit to Fly and Certificate of Airworthiness
respectively. Aircraft Rule 15 further requires that all
aircraft registered in India possess a current and valid
certificate of Airworthiness ( C of A) before it is flown
unless it is flown for the purpose of flight test for
issuance/renewal of C of A in the vicinity of the departing
Aerodrome.
2. Scope
This part of CAR provides guidance/requirement concerning
the building, certification and operation of amateur built
aircraft, explains how much fabrication and assembly, the
builder must do for the aircraft to be eligible for amateur-
built certification in the Experimental/amateur built
Category, and describes the role of the DGCA in the
certification process.
3. Background
Development of experimental/amateur built light aircraft in
India, is an activity which needs to be encouraged. In most
developed countries, many new ideas and concepts originate
with small aircraft which are often built by the non-
professional designer and/or the flyer. This activity can
easily be destroyed by over regulation. At the same time
certifying authority like the DGCA cannot allow complete
freedom to individuals or groups to jeopardize the safety
and well-being of the community. Hence the basic philosophy
in certification of an aircraft in the Experimental category
needs to be recognized and responsibilities must be clearly
delineated.
The DGCA has studied the requirements for
experimental/amateur built certification in other countries.
It is observed that the basic philosophy of certification is
that the aircraft should not compromise the safety of life
and property of the community. The experimental aircraft
itself has a risk factor which is higher than type-certified
aircraft. So the rules for certification are framed with
the following overall guidelines in view.
i) The responsibility for the airworthiness of the
aircraft rests solely with the builder/operator/owner.
ii) The requirements for certification should not be
restrictive. Apart from ensuring that reasonably good
engineering practices have been followed by the
designer and fabricator, he will also be responsible
for the safety of the aircraft.
iii) It must be ensured that any person flying in an
experimental/amateur-built aircraft must be fully aware
of the risks involved.
iv) Restriction should be placed on the operation of the
aircraft, at least initially, to safeguard that the
aircraft can be flown safely.
4. Definition
4.1 Broad Classification:
Aircraft certified in the experimental or amateur category,
fall under two broad classifications as indicated below:-
a) Aircraft built for development or research.
b) Aircraft built purely for sport, education or
recreation.
Prototype light aircraft would fall under the first
category. Aircraft fabricated for special research goals can
also come under this category. Amateur-built aircraft which
are built from plans or kits, or individually designed
usually for sport or hobby flying, fall under the second
category. This part of CAR provides guidance for the
aircraft in category at (a) & (b) above.
4.2 Precise Definition and Categorisation:-
(a) For clarity, it is necessary to define more
specifically the amateur-built aircraft.
(b) As a general rule a major portion of the aircraft must
have been fabricated and assembled by an institution.
Commercially produced components and parts which are
normally purchased for use in these aircraft include
engines and engine accessories, propellers, tires,
skids, springs steel landing gear, main and tail rotor
blades, rotor hubs, wheel and brake assemblies,
standard aircraft hardware such as pulleys, bell-
cranks, rod ends bearing, nuts, bolts, fasteners,
rivets, hose and hose fittings, castings and forgings,
plexiglass components and fabrics etc.
(c) Aircraft that are manufactured and completely assembled
for sale to others cannot be certified as an
experimental/amateur-built aircraft.
(d) An aircraft built from kit may be eligible for
certification under experimental category provided
major portion has been fabricated and assembled by the
constructor. Kits may include assembly, fixtures,
templates, premarked raw stocks or other means to
simplify the fabrication and assembly process.
(e) DGCA is directly concerned with the institutions/
individuals/ groups building experimental/ amateur
built aircraft. They alone are recognised to be
aircraft builders and not the kit producers.
(f) Permit to fly/ Certificate of Airworthiness in
relation to amateur built/experimental aircraft means
a document issued by the DGCA authorising the flight of
the aircraft.
5. Design and Construction
5.1 The construction of an experimental/amateur built aircraft
is entirely the responsibility of the builder. However, the
design of each aircraft must be given separate and undivided
evaluation. It is recommended that counsel from design
engineers may be sought on structural and flight
characteristics of the aircraft.
5.2 Materials tested for their strength and quality may only be
used in the construction of an experimental/ amateur-built
aircraft, but established aircraft materials are
recommended. Any deviation from laid down standards and
practices should be adequately substantiated by engineering
analysis and/or actual testing.
5.3 It is strongly recommended that in the process of building
an aircraft of original design the amateur-builders use the
expertise and knowledge of a qualified/experienced
individual such as aeronautical ( design ) engineer to
confirm design and construction techniques.
5.4 Any choice of good quality engines, propellers, wheels and
other components and any choice of good quality materials
may be used in the construction of an amateur-built
experimental aircraft
5.5 The design of the aircraft should avoid, or provide for
padding on sharp corners or edges, protrusions, knobs and
similar objects which may cause injury to the pilot or
passengers in the event of an accident.
5.6 An engine installation should be such that adequate fuel
is supplied to the engine in all anticipated flight
attitudes. A suitable means consistent with the size and
complexity of the aircraft should be provided to reduce fire
hazard wherever possible including a firewall between the
engine compartment and the fuselage. When applicable, a
system providing for carburetor heat should also be
provided.
6.Registration of Experimental /Amateur built Aircraft:-
6.1 (a) All experimental/amateur-built aircraft in India shall
be registered in the National Aircraft Register in
accordance with the Indian Aircraft Rules and Civil
Airworthiness Requirement Series 'F' Part I.
(b) Upon receiving application on form CA-28 (Appendix `A')
an experimental/amateur-built aircraft will be
registered in the name of the applicant.
(c) The application should be made on the prescribed
performa and should include the prescribed registration
fee as per Rule 35 (Rs. 100 in IPO/Bank Draft).
(d) The owner of an amateur-built aircraft must describe
the aircraft by class (airplane, rotorcraft, glider, or
balloon). Serial number, type of engines installed (and
make, model, and serial number of each engine
installed) and must state whether the aircraft is built
for land and/or water operations.
(e) Also the owner must submit the drawings and designs of
the aircraft alongwith the application.
(f) If the aircraft is built from a kit, the builder must
submit a statement to this effect and state name
and address of the manufacturer of the kit.
6.2 (a) The Certificate of Registration, when issued by the
DGCA, shall include information on nationality,
registration markings, usual station of the aircraft
and the number and date of registration.
(b) The registration marking etc., will consist of number
allotted on C of R to be painted in accordance with CAR
Series 'X' Part I.
(c) Every experimental/amateur-built aircraft should be
identified by means of a fireproof stainless steel
identification plate showing the registration markings,
constructor's name, model designation of aircraft,
serial number and the name and address of the owner.
Such plate should be affixed at a convenient place on
the structure to permit readability when the aircraft
is stationary.
(d) Upon issuance of Certificate of Registration and prior
to carrying out of test flight, the owner must obtain
Aeromobile Station licence for the radio equipment
installed on aircraft from Ministry of Communication.
For this purpose he should apply to DGCA on prescribed
form alongwith fees, the details of which are spelt
out in CAR Series 'R' Part II. Further the person
operating the radio equipment should possess a current
and valid Radio Telephone Restricted (Aero)
Certificate.
7. General Operation and Flight Rules:
7.1 Minimum Instrument and Equipment Requirements:
No person may operate powered experimental/amateur built
aircraft unless it contains the following instruments and
equipments in operating condition and inspected by DGCA
authority.
7.1.1 For Visual Flight Rules (day):
a) Airspeed indicator.
b) Altimeter.
c) Magnetic direction indicator. (unless aircraft is
to be operated only in sight of airfield)
d) R.P.M. Indicator for each engine.
e) Oil pressure gauge for each engine using a
pressure system.
f) Temperature gauge for each liquid-cooled engine.
g) Oil temperature gauge for each air-cooled engine.
h) Manifold pressure gauge for each super charged
engine (for constant speed prop used).
i) Fuel gauge indicating the quantity of fuel in each
tank.
j) Landing gear position indicator, if the aircraft
has a retractable landing gear.
k) Except airships, safety harness for all occupants
who have reached their second birthday.
l) Two way R/T set.
7.1.2 For Visual Flight Rules (night):
a) Instruments and equipment specified for visual
flights rules (day).
b) Position lights as per regulation.
c) Aviation red or aviation white anticollision light
system as per regulation.
d) An adequate source of electrical energy for all
installed electrical and radio equipment.
e) One spare set of fuses, or three spares of fuses
of each kind required.
7.1.3 For instrument Flight Rules:
a) Instrument and equipments specified for visual
flight rules (day) at 7.1.1, and for night flight,
instruments and equipment specified for visual
flight rules (night) at 7.1.2.
b) Two-way radio communication system.
c) Navigational equipment appropriate to the ground
facilities to be used.
d) Gyroscopic rate-of-turn indicator.
e) Slip-skid indicator.
f) Sensitive altimeter adjustable for barometric
pressure.
g) A clock displaying hours, minutes, and seconds.
h) Gyroscopic bank and pitch indicator (artificial
horizon).
i) Gyroscopic direction indicator (directional gyro
or equipment).
7.2 Operating limitations.
7.2.1 No person may operate an aircraft that has an
experimental certificate:
(a) For other than the purpose for which the
certificate was issued; or
(b) Carrying persons or property for compensation or
hire.
7.2.2 No person may operate an aircraft that has an
experimental certificate outside an area assigned by
the DGCA until it is shown that:
(a) The aircraft is controllable throughout its normal
range of speeds and throughout all the maneuvers
to be executed; and
(b) The aircraft has no hazardous operating
characteristics or design features.
7.2.3 Unless otherwise authorised by the DGCA, no person may
operate an aircraft that has an experimental
certificate, over a densely populated or in a congested
area, unless it is for the purpose of landing/take off
and/or approaches for landing/take off.
7.2.4 Each person operating an aircraft that has an
experimental certificate shall:
(a) Advise each person carried on board about the
experimental nature of the aircraft.
(b) Operate under VFR, day only, unless otherwise
specially authorised by the DGCA.
(c) Notify the control tower of the experimental
nature of the aircraft when operating the aircraft
into or out of airports with operating control
towers.
7.2.5 DGCA may also prescribe additional limitations as
necessary, including limitations on the person that may
be carried on the aircraft.
7.3 Pilot's Licence:
7.3.1 Experimental/amateur built aircraft will be flown only
by pilots who have atleast a private pilot's licence
issued by the DGCA.
7.3.2 The validity of the pilot's licence must be current.
7.3.3 Since the experimental/amateur built aircraft will be
different from other aircraft which the pilot has flown
earlier, the following conditions are to be met by the
pilot, in addition to normal requirements for pilot's
licence.
(a) Initial flights of the aircraft are to be flown
only by a test pilot or by the pilot who
designed, constructed or supervised the building
of the aircraft.
(b) After the flight envelope of the aircraft is fully
cleared by a DGCA-approved pilot, the aircraft can
be cleared for flights by other pilots. If the
pilot holds an open-rating on his PPL for aircraft
in the same weight category, no specific
endorsement is required.
In this case, the owner of the experimental
aircraft has to assure himself certify that the
pilot has the appropriate knowledge on the type of
aircraft, and he is fit to fly the experimental
aircraft.
7.3.4 If the pilot does not have an open PPL or higher
licence,then he has to be cleared by a pilot who has an
open rating and has flown the experimental aircraft for
atleast 5 hours.
8. DGCA Inspection:-
The inspections of the experimental/amateur-built aircraft
will be conducted by Airworthiness Officers in two stages.
The first inspection will be "pre-cover" inspection. This is
generally an inspection before external covering is applied
or before an area is permanently closed. The second
inspection is the "final airworthiness inspection" which is
a general airworthiness inspection conducted after the
aircraft is ready for flight.
8.1 Inspection by DGCA during certification stage: This
inspection is accomplished depending upon the type of
construction of the aircraft's components.
8.1.1 Fabric covered components should be inspected just
prior to application of the fabric.
8.1.2 Metal and wood skinned components must be inspected
after the skin has been fastened to one side of a
surface, but before the last side is skinned.
8.1.3 Fibre glass components should be inspected just after
application of the cloth, but just prior to any
sanding, fillings or painting operations which will
render the surface opaque.
8.1.4 It is in the interest of builder that the welding of
primary structure wherever required is carried out by
DGCA approved welder.
8.1.5 Structural Integrity:
(a) The structural integrity of each experimental/
amateur-built aircraft is the responsibility of
its builder.
(b) If a builder requires advice or assistance
regarding the integrity of any features that will
not be visible to the DGCA Airworthiness Officer,
he should seek the advice of an experienced
individual such as a licenced AME, a Designer, or
at least some other successful builder.
(c) The construction of an experimental/amateur-built
aircraft is supposed to be an educational or
recreational experience for the builder. The
builder must gain the necessary experience to
assure himself that all construction details are
accomplished in an acceptable manner.
(d) The Airworthiness Officer's responsibility is to
verify that the aircraft has no obvious unsafe
features of design or construction and that the
aircraft is in a condition for safe operation.
8.1.6 Construction Material and Source of Supply:
To preclude any problems or questions concerning source
or specification of materials, parts, etc., used in
fabricating the aircraft:-
(a) The builder must keep copies of all invoices or
other shipping documents.
(b) In the event that the Airworthiness Officer
questions the workmanship or construction methods,
the builder should prepare representative sample
clusters or joints, which may be tested to
destruction.
8.1.7 Inspection Records:
Since a written record of the inspections of the
aircraft must be maintained, the builder must present
an aircraft record book in which the DGCA Airworthiness
Officer will document his inspections. This is very
important, as most aircraft projects extend over long
periods of time and more than one Airworthiness Officer
may be involved in the project ( as the builder may
move to some other area). Good records are, therefore,
necessary so that the Inspector, who eventually
certifies the aircraft, will have complete knowledge of
all previous inspections and approvals. It is advisable
to keep photographic documentation of construction
details.
8.2 Inspection by DGCA (DAW) during operational stage:
Airworthiness Control of Experimental/amateur built will
come under the purview of the Director of Airworthiness of
DGCA for issue of C of A and for continued airworthiness.
8.2.1 Maintenance Personnel Requirements:
For experimental/amateur built certified aircraft;
maintenance by a licensed Aircraft Maintenance Engineer
is not mandatory. The operator is strongly advised to
obtain the services of a qualified and experienced AME,
for his own safety and well-being. However, inspection
of the aircraft by licensed AME is required during
initial issue of permit to fly/C of A and thereafter
only during 100 hrs/Annual inspection for the purpose
of renewal of C of A. Below 100 hrs. inspection
schedule, the primary builder will be granted
Authorisation to inspect & certify the aircraft.
If the operator chooses to maintain the aircraft
through a person who is not a licenced AME, prior
approval (of this person) by the DGCA, is mandatory.
The DGCA will study the background of the person and
his ability to maintain the aircraft in an airworthy
condition. This is particularly applicable in
situations where the builder wants to carry out
maintenance himself.
8.2.2 Recommended maintenance Procedures:
(a) When the experimental/amateur built aircraft is
built according to plans from a kit, the operator
should follow maintenance procedures recommended
by the designer/kit supplier.
(b) The person carrying out the maintenance should
send a copy of the maintenance schedules to the
DGCA for record.
If the DGCA finds that the schedules are
inadequate, a response from the DGCA will indicate
changes, which will be mandatory.
(c) It may be noted that for experimental/amateur
built certified aircraft, aircraft approved
components/ materials are not mandatory. Hence the
operator must apply his mind carefully to ensure
that the unsafe catastrophic situations are
prevented.
(d) Again, it is stressed that the responsibility for
maintaining the airworthiness of the Experimental/
amateur built aircraft, rests primarily with the
operator. The DGCA will have only a monitoring
role and will step-in only if gross irregularities
are noticed.
8.2.3 Modifications to Experimental/amateur-built Aircraft:
(a) Since the airworthiness of the experimental/
amateur built aircraft is the responsibility of
the operator, he need not approach DGCA for
modifications, installations and improvements,
provided they do not drastically affect the
flying qualities or structural integrity of the
aircraft.
(b) Major changes of design or drastic modification
should be cleared after appropriate flight
testing.
8.2.4 Specification for engine/components life:
The operator should be aware of the life of engine,
instruments, hoses and other components, and should
take suitable action for periodic
replacements/overhauls. A T.B.O. list must be drawn up
by the operator based on recommendation of vendor,
experience etc. and the same be got approved initially.
8.2.5 Maintenance of Log-Books for airframe and engine.
(a) The operator will be responsible for maintenance
of appropriate log-books for airframe and engine.
(b) It is essential that all maintenance activity be
recorded in these logbooks, including
modifications, installations, inspection
schedules, snags and rectification, failures, etc.
8.2.6 Preparations for final inspections prior to flight
test:
The final inspection will be carried out by the
Airworthiness Officer at the written request of the
builder prior to flight testing. The builder must carry
out his inspection prior to the visit of the DGCA
officer. The flight release inspection for initial
issue of C of A must be carried by AME in Cat A, C & R.
8.2.6.1 Weighing of Aircraft:
(i) Prior to the final inspection, the
experimental/amateur builder should weigh his
aircraft in accordance with established weight and
balance procedures to determine the centre of
gravity positions and its weight.
(ii) A weight and balance report, including load limits
for crew, oil, fuel, and baggage must be available
in the aircraft.
8.2.6.2 Preparation of Weight and balance report:
(i) The weight and balance report should be
accompanied by an equipment list which is a list
of all items of equipment which were installed in
the aircraft at the time of weighing, including
make and model of removable instruments, radios,
etc.
(ii) This list will be used to record future changes of
weight and c.g. to reflect additions or deletions
of equipment.
(iii)A weight schedule must be prepared and displayed
in a prominent position in the cockpit/cabin.
8.2.6.3 Power plant installation ground tests:
(i) The aircraft's powerplant installation should
undergo at least one hour of ground operation at
various RPM from idle to full power, to determine
and ensure that all systems are operating
properly.
(ii) A fuel flow check should be accomplished to ensure
that adequate fuel is supplied to the engine in
all anticipated flight attitudes.
(iii)The builder may also carry out taxi runs of the
aircraft prior to DGCA officer's inspection.
However, any flight is strictly prohibited unless
inspection is completed and aircraft found ready
for test flights.
8.2.6.4 Availability of flight manual/placard/markings:
To ensure that the aircraft is operated within the
operating limitations prescribed for it;
(i) There must be available in the aircraft a current
flight manual, markings and placards, or any
combination thereof.
(ii) The markings and placards necessary for safe
operation and handling of the aircraft should be
conspicuously displayed and permanently affixed by
such means as painting or engraving.
(iii)Typical placards would emphasize features as fuel
system or landing gear operation.
(iv) When instruments are marked on the cover glass of
the instruments, there should be means to maintain
the correct alignment of the glass cover with the
face of the dial, such as a white paint slippage
mark on the cover glass and bezel.
(v) Each arc should be wide enough and clearly visible
to the pilot.
8.2.6.5 Marking of Airspeed Indicator:
The airspeed indicator should be marked as follows:-
(i) For the never-exceed speed (VNE), a red radial
line.
(ii) For the caution range, a yellow arc, extending
from the red line to the upper limit of the green
arc.
(iii)For the normal operating range, a green arc with
the lower limit at the stalling speed at maximum
weight with landing gear and flaps up, and the
upper limit at the structural cruising speed.
(iv) For the flap operating range, a white arc with the
lower limit at the stalling speed in the landing
configuration at maximum weight, and the upper
limit at the flaps extended speed.
8.2.6.6 Powerplant Instrument Markings:
Each powerplant instrument should be marked as
follows:-
(i) Each maximum and minimum safe operating limit
should be marked with a red radial.
(ii) Each normal operating range should be marked with
a green arc, between the maximum and minimum safe
limits.
(iii)Each take-off and precautionary range should be
marked with a yellow arc.
(iv) Each engine or propeller range that is restricted
because of excessive vibration stresses should be
marked with red arcs or red lines.
(v) The oil quantity indicator should be marked to
accurately indicate the quantity of oil.
(vi) If the unusable fuel supply for any fuel tank
exceeds one gallon, or five percent of the tank
capacity, whichever is greater, there should be a
red marking on its indicator from the calibrated
zero reading to the lowest reading obtainable in
level flight.
8.2.6.7 Controls/Markings/Placarding:
A. Flight Controls:
Except for primary flight controls and simple push
button-type starter switches, each cockpit control
should be plainly marked as to its function and
method of operation.
B. Fuel Tank Selectors:
i) Fuel tank selector controls should be marked
to indicate the position corresponding to
each tank and to each crossfeed position.
ii) The conditions under which the full amount of
usable fuel can safely be used should be
stated on a placard adjacent to the selector
valve for that tank.
iii) For fuel systems having selector controls,
the unusable fuel capacity available at each
selector control position should be placarded
near the selector controls.
C. Landing Gear Position Indicator:
If retractable landing gear is installed, an
indicator should be installed so that the pilot
can ascertain that the wheels are locked in the up
and down position.
D. Emergency Controls:
Any emergency controls installed should be red and
marked as to the method of operation.
8.2.6.8 Other Marking/Placarding;
(i) Baggage compartments should have a placard stating
any limitations on contents, including weight,
that are necessary under the weight and balance
loading requirements.
(ii) Fuel filler openings should be marked at or near
the filler cover with the word "fuel" and the
minimum fuel grade.
9. Issue of `Permit to Fly' or Airworthiness Certificate and
Operating Limitations:-
After the DGCA Airworthiness Officer has found that all of
the aforementioned requirements have been met and the
aircraft has no obvious unsafe characteristics, and is in
conditions for safe operation, he will issue a C of A in
Category Normal SubDivision Research or Experimental for the
purpose of operating an experimental aircraft or "Permit to
Fly" in case of amateur built aircraft. DGCA will also
issue a letter specifying operating limitations for the
aircraft, which are considered part of the Airworthiness
Certificate/Permit to Fly. However prior to this the builder
shall apply on Form CA 25 (Appendix `B') alongwith fees
amounting to Rs.200 in IPO/Bank Draft giving the relevant
details of the aircraft, drawings, erection certificate,
flight test report, if carried out and compliance statement,
Aeromobile station licence.
(a) The Permit to Fly/C of A is valid for 12 months subject
to the condition that the aircraft is maintained in an
airworthy condition in accordance with the above
guidelines. Thereafter on expiry of the validity
period, C of A/ Permit to fly can be renewed. For this
purpose the aircraft has to undergo an 100 hrs/1 year
inspection schedule, replace component if due and
aircraft inspected/ certified by AME/ approved firm/
Authorised person.
(b) It is the responsibility of the pilot to conduct all
flights in accordance with the operating limitations.
However, the DGCA Airworthiness Officer is authorised
to prescribe the operating limitations he feels are
necessary in the interest of safety.
(c) Experimental/Amateur-built airplanes (and also
rotorcraft) will initially be limited to operation
within an assigned flight test area for at least 25
hours when a type certificated engine/propeller
combination is installed, or 40 hours when an
uncertificated engine/propeller combination is
installed. (Amateur-built gliders, balloons, and
dirigibles will be limited to operation within an
assigned flight test area for atleast ten hours of
satisfactory operation, including atleast five take-
offs and landings).
(d) The flight test area will be assigned by the local Air
Traffic Controller and will usually encompasses the
area within a 25 statute mile radius from the
aircraft's home base. He will ensure that the area
selected is not over densely populated areas or in
congested airways. The shape of the geographical area
may need to be modified to satisfy these requirements.
(e) The carrying of passengers or other crew members will
not be permitted unless they are necessary to the
safety of the flight test, while the aircraft is
restricted to the flight test area.
(f) Initially, the life of the aircraft will be restricted
to 5 years after which aircraft will be checked for
corrosion cracks, fatigue, signs of accidental damage.
The inspection will be carried out by AME in Cat B and
if found fit, aircraft will be released for further
period of 5 years by DGCA.
10. Recommended Safety Precautions:
The following safety precautions are recommended for all
experimental/amateur-built aircraft:-
(a) The pilot should thoroughly familiarize himself with
the ground handling characteristics of the aircraft by
conducting taxi tests before attempting flight
operations.
(b) If the aircraft was built from purchased plans or a kit
with which a flight manual was furnished, the flight
manual instructions should be followed.
(c) Before the first flight of an experimental/amateur-
built aircraft, the pilot should take precautions to
ensure that adequate emergency equipment and competent
personnel are readily available in the event of an
accident.
(d) Acrobatic or violent manoeuvres should not be attempted
until sufficient flight experience has been gained to
establish that the aircraft is satisfactorily
controllable throughout its normal ranges of speeds and
manoeuvres.
(e) The initial flights of the experimental aircraft should
be with a restricted flight envelope. This should be
expanded gradually until the full envelope is cleared.
11. Recommendation for Logging Flight Data:
(a) The aircraft's flight history should be recorded in the
aircraft log book.
(b) The nature as well as duration of each flight should be
documented.
(c) All experience and operating data should be recorded.
(d) Such information as airspeeds, cylinder head
temperatures, oil temperatures and pressures, altitudes
and free air temperatures, etc., may be very valuable
as they may be used to establish various performance
characteristics of the aircraft.
(e) If the aircraft is considered acrobatic, the acrobatic
manoeuveres should be performed in the flight test area
and recorded in the aircraft log book.
12. Issue of Final Certificate of Airworthiness under normal
Category:
When it has been found that the aircraft is controllable
throughout its normal range of speeds and all manoeuvres to
be executed, and has no hazardous operating characteristics
or design features, the owner may apply for operation
outside the assigned flight test area. The assigned time
period in the flight test area must also have been
completed. Upon being satisfied that the aircraft qualifies
for type certificate and meets airworthiness code JAR-VLA or
JAR/FAR 23 etc. DGCA may issue a type certificate in
accordance with Rule 49 and CAR Series 'F' Part II.
(a) There upon on application by the owner, DGCA will
issue certificate of airworthiness in normal category
after completion of a satisfactory general
airworthiness inspection in accordance with Rule 50 and
CAR Series 'F' Part III.
(b) The amended operating limitations will delete the
restriction to a flight test area and will also delete
the restriction against carrying passengers.
(c) Prior to releasing the aircraft from the flight test
area and permitting passengers to be carried, he will
verify that the following placard is displayed in the
cabin or cockpit in full view of all occupants as long
as the aircraft is in experimental/amateur category:
"THIS AIRCRAFT IS EXPERIMENTAL/AMATEUR-BUILT AND DOES
NOT COMPLY WITH DGCA/INTERNATIONAL SAFETY REGULATIONS
FOR STANDARD AIRCRAFT"
13. Requirements for Rotorcrafts,Gliders and Sailplanes:
The requirements specified for experimental/amateur built
light aircraft serialised under section 1 to 11 also apply
in general to flying machines such as experimental/amateur
built rotorcraft glider, sailplanes, etc. In addition,
following specific requirements are mandatory for
rotorcraft:-
13.1 Under section 8.1 (DGCA Inspection):
In the case of rotorcraft the basic airframe should undergo
DGCA inspection before its completion. This will enable the
DGCA Airworthiness Officer to become familiar with
workmanship, condition and safety of the project and provide
the builder with any further guidance necessary for its
completion.
13.2 Under section 10 (safety precaution):
The following precautions are specifically applicable to
experimental/amateur-built rotorcraft:
i) The pilot should be prepared to cope with a non-
conventional aircraft which has flight characteristics
unlike that of an airplane.
ii) The effect of collective pitch and cyclic pitch control
movements should be thoroughly understood by the pilot.
iii) Operators of rotorcraft having fully articulated rotor
systems should be particularly cautious of "ground
resonance". This condition of rotor unbalance, if
maintained or allowed to progress, can be extremely
dangerous and usually results in structural failure.
iv) Tests showing that stability vibration, and balance are
satisfactory should normally be completed with the
rotorcraft tied down, before beginning hover or
horizontal flight operations.
14. Experimental/Amateur Built Aircraft Constructed Outside
India:
When an Indian citizen purchases such aircraft, acceptable
procedures for obtaining airworthiness certification for an
experimental/ amateur-built aircraft operations are as
follows :-
(i) The previous owner should have conducted or had a
condition/annual type inspection performed on the
aircraft within 30 days of the new owner applying for
certification. This inspection shall be recorded in the
aircraft records/log book.
(ii) The previous owner shall obtain documentation from
their Civil Aviation Authority that verifies the
aircraft is/was originally certificated in that country
as an experimental/amateur built aircraft and the
aircraft meets the requirements of FAR 21.19(g) or of
an experimental aircraft as listed at 4.2 of this
document. This documentation should be furnished by the
new owner to the DGCA alongwith his application. In
this respect reference may also be made to DGCA's CAR
Series `F' Part III.
(iii)The DGCA's Airworthiness Officer will conduct a
thorough review of all documentation and determine the
amateur-built eligibility of the aircraft presented.
(iv) The DGCA's Airworthiness Officer will inspect the
aircraft like any other experimental/amateur-built
aircraft, as these airworthiness certifications are
considered original.
(v) If the aircraft is found to be eligible and inspection
is satisfactory, an Certificate of Airworthiness/
Permit to Fly will be issued with proper operating
limitations. If the required flight time has not been
met or there is some question regarding the aircraft's
flight capability, DGCA may require flight testing.
15. Repairman Authorization:
The aircraft builder maybe certified as a repairman if the
builder is a primary builder of the aircraft and can
satisfactorily prove requisite skill in determining whether
the aircraft is in condition for safe operations. This
authorization may be obtained by making an application to
the local DGCA's Airworthiness Office, after satisfactory
completion of required flight hours in the test area. Each
authorisation will be applicable to a particular aircraft.
16. This CAR supersedes the Advisory Circular issued on the
subject.
Sd/-
( S.L. Srivastava)
Deputy Director General Of Civil Aviation
Appendix 'A'
CA-28 (Revised 1990)
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
CIVIL AVIATION DEPARTMENT
Application for Registration of Aircraft
1. Type and description of aircraft
2. Seating accommodation Crew Passengers
3. Engine Type Power Rating Number
4. Name and address of Constructor
5. Constructor's serial number and Max. All Up Weight (kg.)
6. Date of manufacture
7. No. of hours flown and cycles since new
8. History of accidents (if any). Indicate incidents/accidents
met by the aircraft, the nature and extent of damage
sustained by the aircraft, details of any major repairs
carried out and by whom. If required, a separate appendix
may be attached.
9. Has the aircraft been previously registered in India?
If so, state Registration marks.
10. Is the aircraft already registered in any country outside
India? If so, give full particulars.
11. Name of Owner (in full)
In case of Company, give names of owners/directors and their
nationalities.
12. Address of Owner(s)
13. Nationality of owner(s)
14. Is the aircraft owner wholly:-
(a) by citizens of India, or
(b) by a Company or Corporation registered and having its
principal place of business in India and the Chairman
and atleast 2/3rd of the Directors are citizens of
India, or
(c) by persons resident in or carrying on business in India
who are not citizens of India, or
(d) by a Company or Corporation registered elsewhere than
in India and carrying on business in India?
15. In the case of aircraft owner as in 14(c) or (d), state
(a) How long has the applicant been resident in or carrying
on business in India?
(b) Nature of business
16. Usual station of aircraft.
17. Category in which registration is claimed (A or B) vide Rule
30 of the AIRCRAFT RULES, 1937.
18. Particulars of the registration fee paid.
I hereby declare that the above particulars are true in
every respect and that nothing has been concealed or
withheld by me. I have studied the relevant Aircraft Rules
and Civil Airworthiness Requirements and shall abide by
them.
Date of application Signature of applicant*
* Note :In case the applicant is not the owner, he should
purchase evidence in writing that he has been duly
authorised by the owner to furnish the required
information and to sign the documents on his behalf.
* * *
APPENDIX 'B'
CA 25
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
This form when completed should be forwarded to the Director
General of Civil Aviation, New Delhi and must be accompanied by
the documents as mentioned hereunder.
________________________________________________________________
1. Name of Owner/ Name of owning company (in full )
2. Address (in full )
3. Nationality
4. Name and Address of Applicant.
(To be completed in cases
which the applicant is not
the owner of the Aircraft)
5. Constructor of Aircraft
6. Nationality and Registration
Markings (if already allotted)
7. Description of Aircraft:
(a) Type (Name and Description)
(b) Series
(c) Constructor's No.
(d) Land or Marine
(e) Type and Number of engines
(f) Maximum number of persons to be
carried including crew
8. Empty Weight of the Aircraft
9. Place and year of construction
10.Has a Certificate of Airworthiness
or licence in respect of the
Aircraft been issued by the
Airworthiness Authority of the
country of origin?
If so, the documents should be
forwarded with the application:-
11. Classification of Aircraft :-
Category Normal
Special
Aerobatic
Sub- Division Passenger Aircraft
Mail Aircraft
Goods Aircraft
Aerial Work Aircraft
Private Aircraft
Racing Aircraft
Research or Experimental Aircraft
___________________________________________________________________
I hereby declare that the above particulars are true in every
respect.
Signature of Applicant
Date of Application
Documents which must accompany the application for the issue of
Certificate of Airworthiness :-
1. Bank Draft/ Postal Orders for the requisite fee for the
issue of Certificate of Airworthiness.
2. Certificate of Erection (Form CA 83) signed by an Aircraft
Maintenance Engineer holding an appropriate current Indian
AME's licence.
3. Certificate of Flying Test (Form CA 84) signed by a pilot
holding a current Indian Pilots'"B" licence.
4. Documents as required by Notice to Aircraft Owners and
Aircraft Maintenance Engineers No. 2 of 1969.
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