GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
CIVIL AVIATION DEPARTMENT SECTION 2 - AIRWORTHINESS
SERIES 'O' PART I
ISSUE IV,DATED 24TH APRIL '1992
File No. 11-690/92-AI(2 ) EFFECTIVE : FORTHWITH
Subject :Minimum requirements to be complied with by Operators
Engaged in Scheduled/Non Scheduled operation or in
Aerial work including Flying Training and Private
work.
1. APPLICABILITY :
Aircraft Rule 140 requires that all aircraft owners and
operators shall comply with the Engineering, Inspection and
maintenance requirements and safety requirements in respect
of air routes, aircraft and aircrew as may be specified by
the Director General of Civil Aviation. This part of Civil
Airworthiness Requirements prescribes the minimum require-
ments to be complied with in respect of aircraft and their
maintenance, air routes and aircrew, by various class of
operators.
2. SCOPE :
2.1 Maintenance of aircraft :
2.1.1 All operators, except those maintaining their
aircraft under "Approved Maintenance System" shall
provide for the use and guidance of its personnel, a
Quality Control Cum Maintenance System Manual which
will contain the following minimum information :-
(i) Copies of all approved routine maintenance
schedules, approved special inspection schedules
requiring inspection after hard landing/lightening
strike/propeller strike/flight through turbulence,
etc.
(ii) Safety requirements which should be followed
during aircraft handling on the ground, at the
time of engine starting, including propellers
swinging manually, at the time of refueling or
defuelling aircraft, at the time of mooring
aircraft, etc.
(iii) A list of components having approved overhaul
lives.
(iv) Procedure of keeping aircraft log
books/works/work-sheets, up to date and
preservation of the same and individuals
authorised to certify these documents.
(v) Procedure of recording, reporting of all defects
observed during inspection or during flight and
recording of rectification work.
(vi) Occasions when test flight would be carried out.
(vii) Procedure of embodying mandatory modifications/
inspections.
(viii) In case the operators are dispensing their own
fuel/oil by taking bulk fuel/oil from fuel
vendors, detailed quality control procedure for
ensuring that only uncontaminated fuel/oil is put
in the aircraft tanks.
Note :- Those private aircraft owners/operators
who entrust the maintenance of their aircraft to
an approved organisation shall specify such
arrangements made by them in their Quality
Control-cum-Maintenance System Manual. When such
an arrangement is made with an approved
organisation, the organisation shall reflect in
their Quality Control manual, the maintenance
procedure and practices to be followed by them for
keeping the aircraft in an airworthy condition.
2.1.2 Operators maintaining their aircraft under Approval
System shall prepare Quality Control Cum Maintenance
System manual and Engineering Organisation Manual as
detailed in CAR Series 'E'.
2.1.3 Copies of such Manuals shall be supplied by the
operator to the concerned employees, responsible for
maintaining/operating the aircraft who must familiarize
themselves with the Manuals before discharging their
functions.
2.1.4 Copies of such manuals shall also be supplied to DGCA
in quantity as required by him.
2.1.5 These Manuals shall be revised from time to time as a
result of changes in its operating/maintenance
practices or based on operational experience, or as
required by DGCA. Copies of the revisions shall be
furnished to all the holders of the manuals.
2.1.6 The aircraft shall be inspected and certified as
required in CAR Series 'F' Part III.
2.1.7 Operators shall have access to adequate organisation
including qualified and trained staff together with
workshop, equipment, and inspection facilities as may
be considered necessary by DGCA, in case required
facilities are not available within their own
organisation.
2.1.8 The operators shall maintain records of total time in
air, date of last overhaul/ installation/ inspection
in respect of entire aircraft and of "lifed"
components/equipment in appropriate log books or in
such other form as is acceptable to DGCA.
3. AIRCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT :
3.1 The aircraft shall be equipped with instruments and
equipment as required in CAR Series 'I' Part II and it
shall be the responsibility of the Pilot-in-Command to
ensure before commencing any flight that it is so equipped.
3.2 Single engined aircraft shall not be utilised in Scheduled,
Non-Scheduled operations for carrying passengers at night.
3.3 Single engined aircraft, with retractable undercarriage, may
be utilised in scheduled or non- scheduled operations for
carrying passengers during day in VFR conditions. However,
for flights over water, the aircraft at no time must be away
from land (suitable for making emergency landing) at a
distance which may not, in the event of power plant becoming
inoperative, permit a safe forced landing.
3.4 Multi-engined aircraft:
3.4.1 The aircraft when loaded to the maximum gross weight
permitted by its Certificate of Airworthiness shall be
capable of maintaining level flight with one engine
inoperative at an altitude of not less than 1,000 feet
above the valley level at the highest point on the air
route or, if flown over water at altitude of not less
than 3,000 feet above the water.
3.4.2 All jet aircraft certified in normal (passenger)
category for scheduled/non-scheduled operations in
India shall be certified for take off and landing from
airfields upto 12,000 feet pressure altitude. All
necessary modifications should be incorporated to
enable the aircraft operations to and from airfields at
this altitude. The take-off/landing performance at this
altitude should be duly reflected in the aircraft
Flight Manual.
3.5 The aircraft shall be operated within approved operating
limitations contained in the Certificate of
Airworthiness/Flight Manual or other appropriate and
relevant documents.
4. OPERATIONS MANUAL :
4.1 All aircraft operators, except private operators, shall
prepare Operations Manual, for the guidance of their staff.
Operators shall ensure that the contents of the operations
manual are strictly in accordance with the manufacturers'
requirements and the same shall be kept updated at all
times. Any deviation from the manufacturers requirements
shall be reflected in the manual with the prior concurrence
of the DGCA only.
4.2 The Operations Manual shall contain at least the following
information :-
(a) Instructions outlining the responsibilities of operating
personnel, pertaining to the conduct of flight operations;
(b) The flight crew for each type of operation or stage of
operation to be conducted, including the designation of the
succession of command;
(c) Operational procedures and techniques and method of
recording defects;
(d) The maximum flight time and flight duty periods of flight
crew members;
(e) The in-flight and the emergency flight procedures including
the in-flight and the emergency duties assigned to each crew
member;
(f) The method of determining minimum flight altitudes (only
required for non-scheduled operation);
(g) The minimum flight altitude for each route (only required
for scheduled operations);
(h) The operating minima for each of the aerodromes, regular or
alternate on the routes to be flown (only required for
scheduled operations).
(i) The circumstances in which a radio listening watch is to be
maintained ;
(j) A list of the navigational equipment to be carried;
(k) Specific instructions for the computation of the quantities
of fuel and oil to be carried having regard to all
circumstances of the operation including the possibility of
the failure of one or more power plants while enroute ;
(l) The procedure for refuelling the aircraft ;
(m) Information which will enable the Pilot-in-Command to
determine whether the flight may be continued should any
instrument, equipment or system become inoperative, or
aircraft suffers damage on account of hard landing/flight
through turbulence ;
(n) Instructions which will ensure that the Pilot-in-Command
will have detailed information for each flight, in respect
of communication facilities, navigational aids, aerodromes,
and such other information as the operator may deem
necessary;
(o) The conditions under which oxygen shall be used ;
(p) Procedures to be followed in the event of an accident ;
(q) Routes on which carriage of life jackets/life rafts is
necessary ;
(r) Check list of emergency and safety equipment and
instructions for its use.
4.3 All scheduled aircraft operators of such type of transport
category aircraft for which the manufacturer has prepared an
Operations Manual or Flight Crew Operations Manual, for the
guidance of operating crew by way of facilitating flight
planning, shall carry on board the aircraft, a copy of this
document, in addition to the Airplane Flight Manual and
the operations manual prescribed in para 4.2 above. The
manual shall be kept updated all the time by the operator,
and will be in tune with limitations, procedures and prac-
tices detailed in Airplane Flight Manual. In the event of
conflict between the contents of this manual and Flight
Manual, those contained in Flight Manual shall have
precedence over those in this manual. The manual shall be
kept in prominent place in aircraft to enable the Flight
crew to use it when required.
5. AIR ROUTES AND AERODROMES :
5.1 Day operation :
5.1.1 Aerodromes - The terminal and intermediate scheduled
aerodromes shall be licensed or approved and shall be
equipped with approved refuelling apparatus and storage
facility, appropriate fire fighting equipments for
emergencies, telephone communication with city
authorities, and (in the case of passenger air service)
satisfactory passenger shelter and conveniences with
adequate personnel and equipment for the control of
passengers and the public in the interest of their
safety.
5.1.2 Emergency landing grounds - for single-engined
aircraft operation, there shall be emergency landing
grounds at intervals of not more than 150 miles (240
kilometers).
5.1.3 Radio and Navigational Equipment :
5.1.3.1 Aircraft on IFR flight or flying during night,
shall be equipped with suitable Radio/Navigation
equipment appropriate to the route to be flown,
in accordance with CAR Series 'I' Part II.
5.1.3.2 On flights necessitating landing in IMC, an
aircraft shall be provided with the Radio
equipment capable of receiving signals providing
guidance to a point from which a visual landing
can be effected. The equipment shall be capable
of providing such guidance at each aerodrome at
which it is intended to land in instrument
meteorological conditions and at any designated
alternate aerodromes.
5.1.3.3 Aircraft on VFR flights, when operated in
controlled airspace may be required to be
equipped with suitable Radio equipment capable of
conducting two-way communication with the
appropriate ATC Unit.
5.2 Night Operation :
5.2.1 The intended aerodrome of arrival/departure be equipped
with appropriate lighting system. The obstructions in
the area associated with the instrument approach to
land are suitably lighted.
6. AIRCREW :
6.1 No aircraft may be flown on a licensed air transport
service without the full number of members of crew
required for its safe operation as designated in the C of
A/Flight Manual. Each member of the crew shall be in
possession of the appropriate licence issued or rendered
valid in accordance with the provisions of Part V and
Schedule II of Aircraft Rules, 1937 and in addition shall
fulfill and comply with the requirements and conditions for
the operation in scheduled air transport services of
aircraft of the classes defined and in the conditions
defined in this CAR.
6.2 All pilots shall demonstrate to a Check Pilot or
Inspector or Examiner approved by the Director General that
they are familiar with the aircraft, its instruments,
equipment, fuel and other installations, and its loading
and operation in the conditions peculiar to the air route.
6.3 All pilots shall demonstrate to an Examiner appointed or
approved by the Director General that they are familiar with
all air navigation facilities and procedures, air traffic
control system; and aircraft distress procedures currently
in use.
6.4 The first pilot shall have made at least two flights either
as first pilot without passengers or as second pilot
along the route over which he is required to fly in
conditions permitting visual contact flying and shall
himself have landed and taken off at each of the scheduled
aerodromes on the route.
6.5 All pilots while engaged on a licensed air transport service
shall undergo a local proficiency check twice during a year.
These checks shall be carried out in either actual flight or
in actual flight and on an approved simulator alternatively.
The checks shall be carried out at intervals of not less
than 4 months and not more than 8 months or as specified by
DGCA. They shall also undergo an Instrument Rating check
every year either in actual flight or on a Simulator. The
checks shall be carried out by an Examiner (Check Pilot)
approved by the Director General. The checks shall include:
(a) 180 deg. turns with 30 deg. bank to port and
starboard, variation in height not to exceed 200 feet;
(b) let-down procedure applicable to the aerodrome in use ;
(c) recovery from unusual altitude.
6.6 All pilots before flying as Pilot-in-Command of an aircraft
with two or more engines in a licenced air transport
service shall demonstrate to an Examiner approved or
appointed by the Director general their proficiency in the
performance of the following flight tests on the type of
aircraft to be operated namely :-
(1) For operation by day -
(a) Six take-offs, circuits, and landings, at varying
degrees of load to include one take off at maximum
landing weight.
(b) Stalls, to the point of warning, with wheels and flaps
up and down during normal and asymmetric flight.
(c) Asymmetric flight including landings, using alternate
engine(s) and emergency action with simulated failure
of one or more engines during take off.
(d) One approach at too low a height and one approach at
too great a height with one or more engines
inoperative.
(e) A check in instrument flying in actual flight,
comprising -
(i) recovery from unusual attitudes, loss in height
not to exceed 1,000 feet.
(ii) Asymmetric flight to include 180 deg. turns with
an against inoperative engine(s), loss in height
not to exceed 200 feet.
(iii) Let down procedure applicable to the aerodrome in
use, variation in speed during descent not to
exceed 5 MPH above or below the stipulated speed.
(2) For operation by night :-
Night Flying tests -
(a) As in (a),(b),(c) and (d) above for operation by day.
(b) Let down procedure applicable to the aerodrome in use;
variation in speed during descent not to exceed 5 MPH
above or below the stipulated speed;
Provided that the Director General may exempt from any
or all of the tests prescribed in this paragraph, a
pilot whose experience is so long and varied as to
indicate his proficiency up to the requisite standard.
6.7 All the flying tests prescribed in paragraph 6.6 must have
been carried out within a period of six months immediately
preceding the date of application and must have been
witnessed and certified by the same Examiner.
Provided that where more than one Examiner is employed by a
licensed air transport service, the flying tests may be
certified jointly by two Examiners (Check Pilot) one of
whom witnessed each test and provided further that a test
already performed during the previous six months for the
endorsement of the Commercial Pilot's licence in respect of
an additional type of flying machine, in accordance with
Schedule II, Section C, paragraph 2, sub-paragraph (1),
clause (c), sub-clause (ii) and clause (d), sub-clause
(iii) of Aircraft Rule, need not be repeated where an
identical test is prescribed in paragraph 6.6 of this Civil
Airworthiness Requirement.
7. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AIRCREW :
7.1 The flight crew for any flight shall include at least those
specified in Certificate of Airworthiness or in the Flight
Manual and they shall hold valid and appropriate licences.
7.2 The Pilot-in-Command of every aircraft shall, before
commencing any flight, satisfy himself of the following :-
(a) Valid "Flight Release" is there in respect of the
aircraft.
(b) Sufficient length of runway is available for safe take
off and line of flight in the take- off directions is
not obstructed.
(c) The aircraft is equipped with prescribed instruments
and equipment (including route maps/charts for
navigational purposes).
(d) The flight controls of the aircraft are working freely
and in correct senses.
(e) Engines are developing correct power.
(f) The aircraft is satisfactorily loaded with respect of
total load and distribution of load (C.G. location is
within approved limits) and that load is properly
fastened, and secured.
(g) View of the pilot is not interfered with by any part of
the aircraft structure.
(h) Sufficient quantity of fuel and oil of correct grade
are available on board for the proposed flight.
7.3 After the pilot is satisfied about the condition laid down
in para 7.2 except item 7.2(e), he shall sign a certificate
to this effect. As far as item 7.2(e) is concerned pilot
will ensure before take off that engine(s) is/are
developing correct power.
Note :- Operators may use their own format for pilots'
acceptance certificate as long as the points listed at para
7.2 are covered in the format.
7.4 Before each take-off the pilot in command in aeroplane
carrying passengers shall ensure that all passengers have
been briefed regarding :-
(i) Smoking limitations.
(ii) Occupation of seats/berths and use of safety
belts/restraining belts.
(iii) Location and means of opening the passenger entry door
and emergency exits.
(iv) Location and means of using survival equipment.
7.5 Flight Crew Member duties.
7.5.1 No scheduled transport aircraft operator shall require,
nor may any flight crew member perform, any duties
during a critical phase of flight except those duties
required for the safe operation of the aircraft.
7.5.2 No flight crew member may engage in, nor may any pilot
in command permit, any activity during a critical
phase of flight which could distract any flight crew
member from the performance of his or her duties or
which could interfere in any way with the proper
conduct of those duties.
7.5.3 For this purpose critical phase of flight includes all
ground operations involving taxi, take off and landing
and all other flight operations conducted below
10,000 feet, except cruise flight.
7.5.4 Duties not required for safe operations of the aircraft
include company required calls made for such non safety
related purposes such as ordering galley supplies and
confirming passengers connections, announcements made
to passengers promoting the airline/aircraft operator
or pointing out sights of interest, and filling out
company payroll and related records.
7.5.5 Activities not required for safe operation of the
aircraft include eating meals, engaging in non-
essential conversations within the cockpit and non-
essential communication between the cabin and cockpit
crews, and reading publications not related to the
proper conduct of the flight.
7.5.6 No pilot may carry out aerobatic "maneuver" in an
aircraft (aerobatic category) unless a crash helmet or
suitable headgear of approved type is worn.
7.5.7 The pilots wearing spectacles, must wear flying goggles
over and above the spectacles or wear a helmet fitted
with visors during performance of aerobatic flight.
Sd/-
(S. L. Srivastava)
Deputy Director General of Civil Aviation